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A prison uniform describes the unified outward appearance of detainees in a situation of imprisonment. It is typically adapted under constraint. Usually a prison uniform consists of a visually distinct garment, which must be worn by an incarcerated person instead of his or her individual civilian clothes. In most cases it is purposefully designed to establish a visual contrast to the outward appearance of prison officers and set up a clear distinction from civil clothing. A prison uniform serves the purpose to make prisoners instantly identifiable, to limit risks through concealed objects and to prevent injuries through undesignated clothing objects. It can also spoil attempts of escape as prison uniforms typically use a design and color scheme that is easily noticed and identified even at a greater distance. A conception for a prison uniform can further purposefully exclude items of otherwise standard clothing as a discrete identifier. This often includes a restriction in terms of footwear, hereby forcing prisoners to remain barefoot as a part of their dress code.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/publikationen/pdf/fehrbellin.pdf )〕 The state of wearing a prison uniform in many cases provokes a distressful psychological response from the detained person, as unlike civilian clothes it is worn involuntarily, typically reluctant and is often perceived as stigmatizing. The imperative regulation of a person's outward appearance is typically perceived as a steep invasion into the autonomy of decision. As a consequence the loss of individuality particularly caused by having to wear a prison uniform can have a detrimental effect to a person's self-perception and self-esteem. Therefore a prison uniform is often perceived as an implicit element of punishment and a stigma, while the level of psychological distress and humiliation caused by the garment is in large part determined by its characteristic and overall design. Using some manifestation of a prison uniform for incarcerated individuals has become the standard within the penal system of most countries. Some facilities may however not issue designated uniform garments to the inmates as such. Primarily depending on the economical conditions a unified dress code is sometimes specified in facilities of different countries, which typically includes confiscating and withholding certain items of otherwise standard clothing. This way the required distinctive appearance to tell inmates apart from regular civilians is obtained in a similar way to uniform garments. This commonly occurs for financial reasons, as this option is naturally free of cost. In this regard especially wearing shoes is often disallowed within penal institutions of various countries, primarily exploiting the socially uncommon semblance of a fully shoeless person, which provides for a sufficiently noticeable visual appearance in most situations. This condition also employs the sociocultural connotation of this attribute as keeping individuals barefoot has served as an indicator for their absence of personal freedom in large parts of history (see subchapter ''Early prison uniforms'' and ''(Barefoot) Imprisonment and slavery'' for historic background).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Andrew Meldrum: My night in Mugabe's stinking jail )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zimbabwe's jails: full of human kindness? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Open Minds, Closed Doors: Prison Education in Uganda )〕〔https://www.byliner.com/robert-j-rosenthal/stories/inside-a-ugandan-prison-a-nightmare-comes-to-life〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=American Pastor Saeed Facing "Hell on Earth" in Iran's Evin Prison - American Center for Law and Justice )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prison conditions in Pakistan )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How One Woman Helped Reform a Notorious Indian Prison )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=allAfrica.com: Congo-Kinshasa: Meet 'Mr Human Rights' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''I Live Here'' -- Introducing the Boys of Kachere Juvenile Prison - Erica Solomon )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World's Toughest Prisons )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IRIN Africa - COTE D'IVOIRE: When a sentence to jail can be a sentence to death - Cote d'Ivoire - Droits de l'homme )〕 ==Early prison uniforms== At times before specific uniform garments came into use a common method to visually mark and identify prisoners consisted in primarily removing the shoes and keeping them barefooted during imprisonment. As wearing shoes is the usual form of appearance since antiquity and going unshod became increasingly inadequate and socially unaccepted especially during the Middle Ages, the semblance of bare feet was explicitly avoided by the civil society and therefore rarely seen either in public or in private. The disreputable assessment of displaying bare feet also derived from the fact that slaves in antiquity (and also contemporary societies) were typically forced to remain shoeless to display their inferior societal rank while regular citizens usually refrained from this form of appearance and resorted to footwear benefitting their social status. As a consequence shoes were a general insignia for free individuals while an unfree person such as a slave or prisoner could clearly be determined by being barefoot. The salient visual appearance of bare feet was an unmistakable feature to distinguish prisoners from free citizens in any situation. As a practical objective the omitted protection of the feet naturally implicated different environmental obstacles for the detained individuals, which restricted their freedom of action compared to shod individuals, attempts of prison escape were hereby made considerably more difficult. Bare feet hereby also complemented the force of physical restraints which were often applied in the form of shackles or similar devices. Prisoners were rendered notably more vulnerable to outside influences when they had to remain barefoot, therefore acts of physical resistance were frustrated or more easily overcome as well. As the results were achieved practically effortless, this method was common practice to display the state of captivity and imprisonment in most civilizations of the past. The method of keeping prisoners uniformly barefoot is common practice in several countries to this day, mostly complementing specific prisoner's garments but also as a standalone routine. The psychological effect of having to remain barefoot as part of a prisoner's dress code is generally comparable to the effect of specific prison garments, as it is an uncommon state in any civil society just as wearing salient uniform clothing and carries a similar denotive connotation. This situation can however have an additional unsettling effect on a detained person as the heightened vulnerability of shoeless feet typically provokes feelings of insecurity. Hereby a prisoner often perceives the typically reluctant and unaccustomed visual exposure of his or her bare feet as a palpable element of degradation and punishment in itself. Therefore being forced to remain barefoot for a prison uniform is often experienced as intimidating and oppressive, which is an effect also used to further emphasize the overseers' command and authority over the prisoners. During the Victorian era when prison sentences of prolonged durance were implemented in the judicial system of several countries, actual garments were conceived to be worn specifically by prison inmates, which eventually developed to the various types of prison uniforms presently in use.〔() in „Victorian crime and punishment“; 14.04.2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prison uniform」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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